Bone grafting is a surgical procedure used to repair bone fractures or replace bone loss by transplanting bone tissue from one area of the body to another or from a donor. It is commonly performed in orthopedic and dental surgery to promote bone healing, regenerate bone tissue, or provide structural support. There are different types of bone grafts, including autografts (bone taken from the patient's own body), allografts (bone from a donor), and synthetic bone substitutes. The choice of graft depends on factors such as the size of the defect, the patient's overall health, and the surgeon's preference.